Differences between Humoral Immunity and Cell mediated Immunity

 

Differences between Humoral Immunity and Cell mediated Immunity.

S.N.	Characteristics	Humoral Immunity	Cell-mediated Immunity
1.	Definition	The immunity mediated by macromolecules found in the extracellular body fluids is called humoral immunity. (“humor” a medieval term for body fluid)	The immunity that identifies and destroys infected cells in the body is called cell-mediated immunity.
2.	Mediator	The main cell involved in humoral immunity are B-cells.	The main cell involved in cell-mediated immunity are T-cells.
3.	Components	B cells, T cells, and macrophages.	Helper T cells, cytotoxic T-cells, natural killer cells, and macrophages.
4.	Pathogen	The humoral immunity protects against extracellular pathogens and also their toxin.	The cell-mediated immunity protects against intracellular pathogens.
5.	Pathogen recognition	Recognize antigens or pathogens that are circulating in the lymph or blood.	It responds to any cell that displays aberrant MHC markers, including cells invaded by pathogens, tumor cells, or transplanted cells.
6.	Antigen detectors	Phagocytes and antibodies themselves are used to detect antigens.	Receptors and MHC molecules on the cell surfaces are used to detect antigens.
7.	Antigen Binding	B-cells produce antibodies and the antibodies bind to antigens.	T-cell receptors on cells bind to T-cells which in turn bind to antigens.
8.	Antigen Processing	Do not require the processing of antigens.	Antigens must be processed and presented for T-lymphocyte mediated response.
9.	Receptor Involved	It involves B-cell receptors (BCRs).	It involves T-cell receptors (TCRs).
10.	Accessory surface receptors/molecules	Igα, Igβ, Fc receptors, CD40, CD21	CD3 molecular complex Dimer of ∑ chain, CD4, CD8, CD2, CD28, integrins
11.	Type of T-cell involved	Only the T helper cell (CD4+) is involved.	Both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells are involved.
12.	Antibodies formation	Antibodies are formed in a humoral response.	Antibodies are not formed in a cell-mediated immune response.
13.	Onset	The onset is rapid.	The onset is delayed.
14.	Result	The end result of the activation is the differentiation of plasma B-cells, secreting antibodies.	The end result of the activation is the secretion of cytokines.
15.	Protection against	Extracellular bacterial or viral pathogens.	It protects against fungus, viruses, and intracellular bacterial pathogens.
16.	Immunological surveillance	It does not provide immunological surveillance.	It provides immunological surveillance.
17.	Hypersensitivity reactions	Hypersensitivity type I, II, and III is mediated by humoral immunity.	Hypersensitivity type IV is mediated by cell-mediated immunity.
18.	Role in Organ transplantation and Grafting	It may be involved in early graft rejection due to preformed antibodies.	It participates in rejections of organ transplants.
19.	Immunity against cancer	It does not provide immunity against cancer.	As it destroys the tumor and cancerous cells, it provides protection against cancer.
20.	Assessment method	From plasma level of antibodies	Skin test for the development of delayed-type of hypersensitivity