Important Points of Bacteriology and Mycology

 Important Points of Bacteriology and Mycology

The most commonly used endospore stain- Schaeffer-Fulton stain

• Capsule of B. anthracis is made of – D-glutamic acid

• Teichoic acid in Gram-positive bacterial cell wall has- Glycerol/ribitol

• Archaebacterial cell walls usually consists of – Proteins and polysaccharides

• Metachromatin granules serves as a reserve of – Inorganic phosphate

• The chemi-osmotic mechanism of ATP synthesis proposed by- Peter Mitchell

• Reducing media for anaerobic bacteria contains- Na-Thioglycolate

• Mycobacterium leprae is usually isolated in- Armadillos

• Selective media for S.typhi is – Bismuth sulphite agar

• Selective media for Staphylococcus aureus is- Mannitol Salt Agar

• Paraffin and mineral oils are often sterilized by- Hot air oven

• Sterilizing agent used in space crafts is- Ethylene oxide

• Test used to find the carcinogenicity of mutagens is- Ames test

• Three kingdom classification of bacteria proposed by- Carl Woere

• Pyrogen induced by endotoxins is – IL-1

• Lab test to detect the presence of endotoxins in preparations- Limulus assay

• Resoloving power of a compound microscope is – 0.2ì m

• Heat resistance of spores is due to presence of – Dipicolinic acid

• Target site of polymyxin is- Bacterial cell membrane

• Thickness of Gram+ve and Gram-ve cell walls are- 20-80nm and 2-7nm respectively

• Most abundant membrane protein of Gram-ve bacterial outer membrane- Braun’s lipoprotein

• Non-motile asexual sporangiospores of phycomycetes is – Aplanospores

• Exogenously borne sexual spores are known as – Basidiospores

• ‘Psuedohyphae is characteristic of – Candida albicans

• ‘North American blastomycosis’ is caused by- Blastomyces dermatitidis

• ‘European blastomycosis’ is caused by- Cryptococcus neoformans

• Asexual spores produced by fragmentation of hyphae is – Arthrospore

• Staining used for detection of fungi in pathological specimens- Periodic acid Schiff stain

• Media used for stimulating production of chlamydospores of C. albicans- Corn meal agar.

• Method used for observing the development of spores and hyphae of fungus is called- Block-slide culture technique.

• Mucor is distinguished from other members of Phycomycetes by- Absence of rhizoids

• Asexual spores of Ascomycetes are known as- Conidiospores

• ‘Bottle bacillus’ is the synonym for- Pityrosporum ovale

• ‘Pseudoglanders’ or ‘Japanese Farcy’ caused by Histoplasma capsulatum

• ‘Fluffy colonies’ , ‘Powdery colonies’ and ‘Lemon yellow colonies’ are produced by-Microsporum distortum , M. gypseum and  M. canis respectively.

• Most potent toxin producing aflatoxicosis is – B1

• ‘Facial eczema’ in cattle is caused by - Pithomyces chartarum

• “Farmer’s Lung” is caused by Micropolyspora faeni

• % of Agar used for the preparation of solid media is- 1.5%

• Microbial population can be maintained in the exponential growth and at constant biomass for extended periods by using- Chemostat/Turbidostat

• The phenomenon by which bacteria monitor their own population density through sensing the level of signal molecules- Quorum assay

• Indicator bacterium used in autoclaving is- Bacillus stearothermophilus (spores)

• The commonly used agent for ‘cold sterilization is - Gamma radiation

• The disinfectant action of chlorine is due to the formation of- Hypochlorous acid

• Linear chromosomal DNA is found in- Borrelia burgdoferi

• The topoisomerase that removes the supercoiling during replication- DNA gyrase.

• The negative stain used in electron microscopy is – Phosphotungstic acid

• Bacterium that exhibits directed swimming in response to Earth’s magnetic field or to local magnetic fields- Aquaspirillum

• The structure that remain after the treatment of a gram –ve bacteria with lysozyme/penicillin is – Spheroplast

• An inorganic solidifying agent used for autotrophic bacteria- Silica gel

• The procedure for staining the capsular material of B. anthracis is- MacFadyean reaction.

• Botulism due to which type of toxin occurs in relation with phosphorous deficiency- Type D

• Vole’s Bacillus is the synonym for - Mycobacterium murinum

• Specific media used for isolation of M. bovis is Stonebrink’s medium containing Sodium pyruvate

• ‘Stormy clot’ reaction is characteristic of - Clostridium welchi

• The characteristic ‘earthy odour’ of the cultures is a feature of- Psuedomonas psuedomallei

• ‘Flying sea gull’ appearance is characteristic of- Campylobacter

• Vaginal mucus agglutination test in cattle is employed for the diagnosis of-Campylobacter infection.

• Rolling disease in mice is caused by- Mycoplasma neurolyticum.

• Eaton’s agent is the synonym of - Mycoplasma pneumoniae

• Dick’s test is used for the id entification of- Streptococcus pyogens

• Chinese letter arrangement is seen for- Corynebacterium

• Fried lander’s bacillus is the synonym for Klebsiella pneumoniae

• Weil-Felix reaction is used for diagnosis of Rickettsial infections using Proteus vulgaris X strain

• Swarming growth and fishy odour of colonies is characteristic of- Proteus vulgaris

• Kauffman-White scheme is used for serotypic differentiation of Salmonella

• VR (Venkatraman-Ramakrishnan) medium is used as a transport media for-Vibrio cholerae

• ‘Epidemic typhus’ (Brill-Zinsser disease) is caused by Rickettsia prowazaki

• ‘Scrub typhus’ is caused by Rickettsia tsutsugamushi

• Rickettsial disease that are not arthropod borne are Q-fever and Trench fever